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PV systems and energy storage generator

2022-03-21

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2021 will be a bad year for many countries and regions, but luckier for the solar power generation and energy storage industry, users are in high demand for products and services.

To put it simply, energy storage is to store energy and save excess energy when it is not needed, so as not to waste it. This is the basic definition of energy storage, but what is the relationship between energy storage and photovoltaics? Does PV need energy storage?

 

For decades, energy storage has been inseparable from the generation, transmission, distribution and use of electricity. Today, with the ever-increasing supply of renewable energy sources, the power sector is undergoing dramatic changes. Renewable energy is the future, which makes the need to provide electricity on demand anytime, anywhere even more challenging. 

Energy storage systems provide cost savings for utilities and consumers by providing a range of technological means to manage supply and demand and create a more flexible energy infrastructure.

 

The energy storage system consists of two main parts. A power conversion system (PCS) performs AC/DC and DC/AC conversion, where electrical energy goes into the battery to charge the battery, or the energy stored in the battery is converted to AC power and fed back to the grid. The appropriate power plant solution depends on the supported voltage and power flow conditions.

 

According to different types, it is generally composed of photovoltaic array, solar controller and inverter (grid-connected inverter and energy storage inverter), battery pack and battery management device BMS, monitoring and energy management system EMS and load, etc.

 

The solar controller, connected with solar modules and batteries, can be used alone to supply power to the DC load; it can also be used in conjunction with the inverter, and can also be used together with the control and inverter integrated machine to increase the flexibility of the system. The controller currently has two schemes: PWM and MPPT, which are used in different occasions.

 

The off-grid inverter connects the battery and the load. The main function is to invert the DC power of the battery into AC power. In the photovoltaic off-grid system, it is generally used in conjunction with the controller. At present, most of the small and medium-sized off-grid systems are made into a control inverter integrated machine, which integrates the photovoltaic controller and the inverter into one, which is convenient for installation. There are currently three schemes for off-grid inverters: modified wave inverter, high-frequency sine wave inverter, and power frequency sine wave inverter, which are suitable for different occasions.

The energy storage inverter connects the battery and the grid (or load). The hardware circuit is the same as the off-grid inverter, which inverts the direct current of the battery into alternating current, but the energy storage inverter is more powerful, and the energy can flow in both directions so that the direct current can be converted into alternating current, which can be sent to the power grid or to the power grid. When using an AC load, it can also rectify the alternating current into direct current, so that the grid can charge the battery, so the energy storage inverter is also called the bidirectional converter PCS (Power Conversion System).

 

Compared with the traditional grid-connected power generation system, the cost of the household energy storage system has increased and the installation is more complicated, but the application scope is wider and the function is more powerful. As the cost of energy storage systems continues to decline, it is more and more economical for solar energy storage systems to replace traditional power generation technologies. It is believed that in the near future, household energy storage will also usher in a new era of competition.

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